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"The idea I want to push next is that the United States should make Siberia a Protectorate. Pay the Russians off – a hundred, two hundred billion dollars – and simply run Siberia in an ecologically responsible way."
- Gregory Benford

Spider Tripod Robot  
  Three-legged alien robot.  

Explorers find unexpected company in the vast silence of Rama's interior.

There was an intruder in the camp.

Laura Ernst noticed it first. She froze in sudden shock, then said: 'Don't move, Bill. Now look slowly to the right.'

Norton turned his head. Ten metres away was a slender-legged tripod surmounted by a spherical body no larger than a football. Set around the body were three large, expressionless eyes, apparently giving 360 degrees of vision, and trailing beneath it were three whiplike tendrils. The creature was not quite as tall as a man, and looked far too fragile to be dangerous, but that did not excuse their carelessness in letting it sneak up on them unawares. It reminded Norton of nothing so much as a three-legged spider, or daddy-long-legs, and he wondered how it had solved the problem - never challenged by any creature on Earth - of tripedal locomotion.

Technovelgy from Rendezvous With Rama, by Arthur C. Clarke.
Published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich in 1972
Additional resources -

Here's a brief quote that illustrates its dervish-like motion:

After regarding them passively for several minutes, the creature suddenly moved, and now they could understand why they had failed to observe its arrival. It was fast, and it covered the ground with such an extraordinary spinning motion that the human eye and mind had real difficulty in following it.

This quote illustrates how it seemed to accomplish its movements:

...each leg in turn acted as a pivot around which the creature whirled its body... it also seemed to him that every few 'steps' it reversed its direction of spin, while the three whips flickered over the ground like lightning as it moved.

It turns out that the 'spiders' are what the author calls 'biological robots' that were designed by the creators of Rama. Clarke coined the word "biot" to describe them. The spiders have 'considerable quantities of light metals.' The spiders have no mouth, no stomach, no gut, no lungs, no circulatory system. So, how does it move?

"Eighty percent of the body consist of a honeycomb of large cells... it's the one Raman structure that does exist on earth - though only in a handful of marine animals.

"Most of the spider is simply a battery, much like that found in electric eels and rays... It's the creature's source of energy."

SF fans will also, of course, remember the great tripods from H.G. Wells' 1898 classic War of the Worlds.

Compare to the metallic spider from The War of the Worlds (1898) by H.G. Wells, the scarab robot from The Scarab (1936) by Raymond Z. Gallun, the spider robot from The Mystery of Element 117 (1949) by Milton K. Smith, the mechanical hound from Fahrenheit 451 (1953) by Ray Bradbury, the metal insects from The Invincible (1954) by Stanislaw Lem, the Sheem spider robot from The Witches of Karres (1966) by James Schmitz, the spider cable device from The Web Between the Worlds (1979) by Charles Sheffield, the spider robotic insects from Runaway (1985) by Michael Crichton and the recon spiders from Minority Report (Movie) (2002) by Steven Spielberg.

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from Rendezvous With Rama
  More Ideas and Technology by Arthur C. Clarke
  Tech news articles related to Rendezvous With Rama
  Tech news articles related to works by Arthur C. Clarke

Spider Tripod Robot-related news articles:
  - STriDER Tripedal Dynamic Experimental Robot
  - Hexapod Emotional Spider Robot Sees Your Face
  - JALURO Lunar Robot - 2-Wheeled Open Source
  - Lunar Spider-Bot Swarm By Team Italia
  - Rotopod Rotational Legged Locomotion Robot
  - SLS Robot Spider 'Daddy Longlegs'
  - Tabbot Robot Inspired By Spiders (And Clarke?)
  - Super Ball Bot Tensegrity Robot For Solar System Exploration
  - SpaceHopper Microgravity Robot Lands On Its Feet

Articles related to Robotics
Drones In Vast Airborne Grids
Robot Hand Separate From Robot
Is Optimus Autonomous Or Teleoperated?
Robot Masseuse Rubs People The Right Way

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