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"One can see the free software movement as a precusor for a "free hardware" or "free wetware" movement--one that will provide free libraries of designs for biological or nanotechnological products that replicators can be programmed to churn out."
- Charles Stross

Artificial Blood (Synthetic Blood)  
  A manufactured substitute for the genuine article.  

As far as I know, the earliest mention of artificial blood in science fiction.

How fortunate it was that I had perfected the manufacture of synthetic blood! What a wonderful fluid that was! A fluid that performed every vital function of human blood, and yet, which could be scientifically and accurately manufactured outside of the body, and which could be perfectly cleansed of all impurities every time it made one circulation of the head. That is what is keeping Grecco so young. And I am sure that our bodyless professors will not grow old. I do not know how long they will live, but I am sure, if they are carefully guarded against infections and if machinery is, oh, so constantly watched, that they will live on for many years.


('The Eternal Professors' by David H. Keller, M.D.)

July, 10th. — I am busy teaching my technique to a dozen of the most expert surgeons that I have ever seen. Every man is first required to operate on at least a dozen dogs. The pumping machines are being built very rapidly. My chemists are all working on the preparation of the artificial blood. They have remarkable ability to learn quickly. We must work rapidly, for all of the two hundred heads must be ready to lecture by Sept. 20th. Besides, the sooner we free the heads from the bodies infected with sarcoma, the more sure we will be of their going on with their useful work.

Technovelgy from The Eternal Professors, by David H. Keller.
Published by Amazing Stories in 1929
Additional resources -

People have been looking for some sort of substitute for blood since William Harvey discovered blood circulation pathways in 1616. Modern transfusion methods were first developed in the early 20th century; as a practicing physician, Keller was well aware of these advancements.

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from The Eternal Professors
  More Ideas and Technology by David H. Keller
  Tech news articles related to The Eternal Professors
  Tech news articles related to works by David H. Keller

Artificial Blood (Synthetic Blood)-related news articles:
  - ErythroMer Artificial Blood

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