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"The best fuzzy rules, the best knowledge, deal with the turning points of the system. If a race-car driver teaches you how to drive, you don't need him to show you how to drive on the straightaway. It's how he handles the curves that matters."
- Bart Kosko
 |
| Robot Mother | ||
| A self-replicating robot, which creates a series of helper bots that adapt to conditions as needed. |
In the story, Dan Burman is a famed inventor of a variety of machines. However, his friend Bill discovers that, in fact, Burman has invented only one machine - a psychophone that allows him to visit a kind of future.
In this future era, human beings are clearly dominated by machines. Burman brings back the blueprints for an unusual invention, one whose function is not immediately obvious.
| It was a stunner. The thing was a metal box with a glossy, rhodium-plated surface. In general size and shape it bore a faint resemblance to an upended coffin, and had the same, brooding, ominous air of a casket waiting for its owner to give up the ghost.
There were a couple of small glass windows in its front through which could be seen a multitude of wheels as beautifully finished as those in a first-class watch. Elsewhere, several tiny lenses stared with sphinx-like indifference. There were three small trapdoors in one side, two in the other, and a large one in the front. From the top, two knobbed rods of metal stuuck up like goat's horns, adding a satanic touch to the thing's vague air of yearning midnight burial.
|
| From The Mechanical Mice,
by Maurice A. Hugi. Published by Astounding Stories in 1941 Additional resources -
|
The machine does not sit still for long. It appears to have no starting handle of any kind; however, it soon initiates its own activity. In time, it sends out small mechanical mice, which are described as "golden shuttles", to obtain necessary materials.
After a number of skirmishes with the inventor, as well as the local police, the malevolent machine is destroyed. Or is it?
..."Did you notice," I went on, "the touch of bee-psychology in our antagonists? You built the hive, and from it emerged workers, warriors, and" - I indicated the dead saunterer - "one drone."
With a sigh of relief, I strolled toward the door. A high whine of midget motors drew my startled attention downward. While Butman and I stared aghast, a golden shuttle slid easily through one of the rat holes, sensed the death of the Robot Mother and scooted back through the other hole before I could stop it...
"Bill," [Burman] mouthed, "your bee analogy was perfect. Don't you understand? There's another swarm! A queen got loose!"
This is a very early use of the concept of a robot or system that is capable of reproducing itself perfectly. The first scientist to write about self-reproducing automata was John von Neumann, who delivered a lecture in 1948 called "General and Logical Theory of Automata" at a symposium in Pasadena, California. One of the questions he posed was whether or not it was possible for a machine to fabricate a copy of itself.
In the Mechanical Mice story, the author clearly sees the Robot Mother as constructing duplicates of itself using available parts (stealing them from watches). It appears that Eric Frank Russell (Maurice A. Huigi is one of his pseudonyms) anticipated von Neumann's question by a handful of years.
It is possible that Russell got his idea the same place von Neumman apparently did, from the work of the English mathematician Alan Turing. Turing's theory of computing automata (published in 1936) introduced the notion of a "universal automaton" that was able to reproduce any programmed output of any possible automaton. However, Turing's ideas only covered computing output (1's and 0's); von Neumann was talking about automata the output of which was other automata.
He said, "The Robot Mother! That's what I made - a duplicate of the Robot Mother. I didn't realize it, but I was patiently building the most dangerous thing in creation, a thing that is a terrible menace because it shares with mankind the ability to propagate. Thank Heaven we stopped it in time!"
Can one build an aggregate out of such elements in such a manner that if it is put into a reservoir, in which there float all these elements in large numbers, it will then begin to construct other aggregates, each of which will at the end turn out to be another automaton exactly like the original one?
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Additional
resources:
More Ideas
and Technology from The Mechanical Mice
More Ideas
and Technology by Maurice A. Hugi
Tech news articles related to The Mechanical Mice
Tech news articles related to works by Maurice A. Hugi
Robot Mother-related
news articles:
- Defending Against Harmful Nanotechnology
- RepRap Machine Can (Almost) Duplicate Itself
- Mother Robot Evolves Her Children
- Not Quite Self-Replicating Robots, Franka Emika
- Design Your Own Robot (Carefully)
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