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"We'd have most of what we predicted of the conquest of space, if we hadn't ignored parasite control."
- Larry Niven

Precrime  
  A system by which criminal acts are known before they occur.  

First use of the phrase, as well as the concept.

This man, John Allison Anderton, was instrumental in the original creation of the Precrime system, the prophylactic pre-detection of criminals through the ingenious use of mutant precogs, capable of previewing future events and transferring orally that data to analytical machinery.
Technovelgy from The Minority Report, by Philip K. Dick.
Published by Fantastic Universe in 1956
Additional resources -

Here's an alternate view, from the story:

“Many men have been seized and imprisoned under the so-called prophylactic Precrime structure," General Kaplan continued, his voice gaining feeling and strength. “Accused not of crimes they have committed, but of crimes they will commit. It is asserted that these men, if allowed to remain free, will at some future time commit felonies.

“But there can be no valid knowledge about the future. As soon as precognitive information is obtained, it cancels itself out. The assertion that this man will commit a future crime is paradoxical. The very act of possessing this data renders it spurious. In every case, without exception, the report of the three police precogs has invalidated their own data. If no arrests had been made, there would still have been no crimes committed.”

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Additional resources:
  More Ideas and Technology from The Minority Report
  More Ideas and Technology by Philip K. Dick
  Tech news articles related to The Minority Report
  Tech news articles related to works by Philip K. Dick

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