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![]() In the novel, this handy utility is supplied along with every copy of ParanoidLinux.
In real life, as far as I know, there is no such thing as photonomous. There really is such a thing as a digital noise signature, however. Every camera differs just slightly from every other camera; the tiny differences or imperfections in the lenses and sensors in the camera leave their mark on each finished image.
Jessica Fridrich, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at Binghamton University, State University of New York, did some research on this topic and offers these results:
Although these patterns are invisible to the human eye, the unique reference pattern or "fingerprint" of any camera can be electronically extracted by analyzing a number of images taken by a single camera.
That means that as long as examiners have either the camera that took the image or multiple images they know were taken by the same camera, an algorithm developed by Fridrich and her co-inventors to extract and define the camera's unique pattern of pixel-to-pixel non-uniformity can be used to provide important information about the origins and authenticity of a single image.
The limitation of the technique is that it requires either the camera or multiple images taken by the same camera, and isn't informative if only a single image is available for analysis.
Like actual fingerprints, the digital "noise" in original images is stochastic in nature – that is, it contains random variables – which are inevitably created during the manufacturing process of the camera and its sensors. This virtually ensures that the noise imposed on the digital images from any particular camera will be consistent from one image to the next, even while it is distinctly different.
In preliminary tests, Fridrich's lab analyzed 2,700 pictures taken by nine digital cameras and with 100 percent accuracy linked individual images with the camera that took them.
Read more at Binghamton University research links digital images and cameras.
I think I can safely predict the creation of "one-time cameras," digital cameras that are used on only one occasion. Once the photos are taken and uploaded, the camera is destroyed. Comment/Join this discussion ( 2 ) | RSS/XML | Blog This | Additional
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