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Science Fiction
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"The best fuzzy rules, the best knowledge, deal with the turning points of the system. If a race-car driver teaches you how to drive, you don't need him to show you how to drive on the straightaway. It's how he handles the curves that matters."
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As far as I know, the first use of the term "artificial intelligence" in science fiction, and perhaps the first use of this phrase in its modern sense.
This phrase was used in the 19th century, but not in the sense of a sentient machine. For example, in Mr. Gladstone's Work, an essay by R. Giffen published in 1869 in The Fortnightly Review:
Or earlier in this article Present Inefficiency in the Jury System in The Law Magazine, Or, Quarterly Review of Jurisprudence (1849):
The Oxford English Dictionary lists the following proposal as the first use of the phrase "artificial intelligence":
The proposal aimed to study if machines could use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves.
The conference was actually held from June 19 to August 16, 1956, at Dartmouth College; widely recognized as the birth of AI as a field of study.
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